The lower trunk is conspicuously scarred where leaves and fruit were borne. The fivepetal led flowers are fleshy, waxy and slightly fragrant. This work describes biochemical constituents of leaves of carica papaya. There are about 40 species of the genus carica in the american. Carica papaya papaya fruits are available throughout the world and it is well accepted as food or as a quasidrug. This fruit, however, is now found yearround throughout tropical and equatorial regions. Most papaya s bear male and female flowers on separate trees. Hermaphrodite trees flowers with male and female parts are the commercial standard, producing a pear shaped fruit. The fruit is commonly spherical to cylindrical in form, is 75 to 500 mm 3 to 20 inches or even more in length, and sometimes weighs as much as 9 to 11. The very juicy flesh is deep yellow or orange to salmoncoloured. A single plant can be male, female, or both, but they are usually one or the other. Jun 10, 2012 find website on how to tell if paw paw tree is male or female and which one will fruit duration. The biology and ecology of papaya paw paw, carica papaya l. A downloadable pdf document of a book in prepublication awaiting illustration.
Papaya, male papaya flower, herbal tea, commercial tea, phytochemicals. Bisexual hermaphroditic plants possess perfect flowers held on a much reduced cyme in the leaf axils along the trunk. Aqueous papaya leaves extract have been used as treatment for dengue fever. In addition to producing delicious fruit, it adds interest to a shrub border or backyard landscape. Ethanol extract of carica papaya seeds induces reversible contraception in adult male wistar rats wilson o.
Male flowers have no ovary and do not produce a fruit. The papaya has a rather complicated means of reproduction. Conditions for commercial planting of papaya eg plantation layout, planting. Environmental effects on clonal female and male carica. Chemical composition of various part of carica papaya plant are described table 5. Semiwild naturalized plants bear miniature fruits 1 to 6 in 2. Let us make indepth study of the important parts of a flower. The leaves are palmatecomposite, alternate, till 80 cm in length from which the petiole is about half a meter long in the wild, a papaya is a dioecious plant. Different parts of the plant are employed in the treatment of different human and. It was originally derived from the southern part of mexico, c. Pdf the floral development and anatomy of carica papaya. As a dual or multipurpose, earlybearing, spaceconserving, herbaceous crop, it is widely acclaimed, despite its susceptibility to natural enemies.
This research to evaluate the effects of ethanol extract and fractions nhexane, ethylacetate and water of male carica papaya l. Papayas uc davis western institute for food safety and. The papaya plant is a semiwoody, latexproducing, usually singlestemmed. Of these, only pistillate is stable, whereas flowers of hermaphrodite and male vary in sex expression under different environmental conditions. The random amplified polymorphic dna rapd technique was used to determine the sex of a dioecious species, carica papaya l. The fruits of papaya are much sought after by human as valuable foodstuff and have antihypertensive activity. Most people would plant papaya for its fruit, but it can make a wonderful, coarse, accent plant in many landscapes. The anthers burst open and pollen is scattered on the stigma of the pistil even before the flower opens cleistogamy, and fertile fruits are produced. The papaya is a small, sparsely branched tree, usually with a single stem growing from 5 to 10 m 16 to 33 ft tall, with spirally arranged leaves confined to the top of the trunk. This plant belongs to the carica genus and is native to tropical americas.
Hence, in cultivation, papaya male and female forms are no longer needed for propagation. It is a flower that resembles the former, but does not develop an ovary and hence it is sterile, warm temperatures or water stress. Papaya plant identify male tree or female tree how. Carica papaya cp otherwise known as the papaya pear is found in most tropical and subtropical countries of the world.
A mature papaya plant can produce as many as 100 fruits per growing season. The selfpollinating varieties are becoming more common now and almost always if you buy one from a nursery it will be. Effect of carica papaya leaf extract capsule on platelet. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles.
It has very large 1012 oval fruit, up to 7 lbs, it is very sweet and juicy. While papaya s look much like a tree, they are not, and do not develop bark characteristic of trees. The flowers are pointed at the tip and bulbshaped at the base before they open. Male tree male inflorescence 1 the pistil is the female reproductive organ, consisting of an ovary that contains ovules and a pollenreceiving structure called the stigma.
Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Green fruit and the leaves and flowers may also be used as a cooked vegetable watson 1997. Before the female flower can produce mature, ripe fruit, a male or hermaphrodite flower needs to pollinate it. The floral development and anatomy of carica papaya. The plants are sexually variable and can be dioecious male and female flowers on separate plants, monoecious male and female flowers on the same plant, or hermaphroditic having bisexual or. Carica papaya seeds carica papaya, papaya, pawpaw, fruta. Carica papaya, commonly called papaya, is a small, frosttender, succulent, broadleaf evergreen tree that bears papaya fruits throughout the year. Carica papaya seeds carica papaya, papaya, pawpaw, fruta bomba caricaceae plant world seeds. Papaya is a flowering fruit of the plant carica papaya.
The leaves are large, 5070 cm 2028 in in diameter, deeply palmately lobed, with seven lobes. Mature papaya plants naturally flower in the early spring and produce mature fruit in the summer or fall. A papaya tree has got a hollow trunk, dark green or purple, with no branches except a few ones that are born at the top, reminding those of palms. Pdf medicinal uses of carica papaya medicinal uses of. But its hard to tell from the flower if it is a perfect flower.
Floral diagram of anagallis arvensis 307 the dot represents the main axis, green structure below is the subtending bract. In some parts of the world, specially australia and some islands of the west indies, it. Jul 17, 2017 papayas carica papaya are singletrunked, temperate fruit trees that produce delicious, orangefleshed fruits. Caricaceae papaya originates from tropical central and south america, ranging from mexico to bolivia. Pdf the potential of male papaya flower as a functional ingredient for herbal. The study was conducted to investigate the platelet increasing property of carica papaya leaves juice cplj in patients with dengue fever df. Carica papaya leaves juice significantly accelerates the. The correlation of flowerand fruitstructure in carica papaya jstor.
This document is fps106, one of a series of the environmental horticulture department, ufifas extension. An excellent, if rather terse, guide to the traditional medicinal uses of the plants of the region the juice of the fruit is used to treat diabetes and hypertension. Papaya leaves, flowers and seeds health benefits healthy. Biggs department of horticultural science, university of natal, p. Approximately half the patients received the juice, for 3 consecutive days while the others remained as controls and received the. Carica is mostly dioecious with a strong dimorphism between staminate and pistillate flowers. The female flowers have the ovaries that the males pollinate to produce papaya fruit. Antioxidant analysis of different parts of carica papaya. Once it starts flowering, it will continue to flower and produce fruit throughout the year16. Ppt papaya powerpoint presentation free to download. The papaya plant is cultivated for its fruit, which is the third most popular tropical fruits in the us. Study of phytochemical, elemental analysis and antioxidant. In a flower diagram, stamen are located on both sides of the pistil. Evaluation of nutritional components of carica papaya l.
Papaya flowers are born on inflorescences which appear in the axils of the leaves. Flower papaya flowers are born in florescences which appear in the axils of leaves. Fruit papaya fruit is a berry with a thin, smooth exocarp peel and thick, fleshy mesocarp surrounding an open cavity containing many small seeds. It is native to the tropics of the americas but now is widely cultivated in other tropical regions of the world for its edible melonlike fruit, which is available throughout the year 125. Why some papaya plants fail to fruit ctahr website. The correlation of flower and fruitstructure in carica papaya. Subject these test guidelines shall apply to all the varieties, hybrids and parental lines of papaya carica papaya l. Nonetheless, utilization of male papaya flower as a functional ingredient for herbal tea production is recommended, but optimization of its processing procedures to improve overall attributes and consequently its market potential is necessary. The filament is the stalk attached to the flower that holds the anther. Carica papaya leaf tea or extract has a reputation as a. The flowers grow on the plants stems where the leaves attach. Evaluation of nutritional components of carica papaya at.
Box 375, pietermaritzburg 3200 south africa accepted for publication 16 january 1987 abstract allan. Commercial papayas are grown from seeds planted in the field. The plants are male, hermaphrodite, or female bruce and peter, 2008. Economically, carica papaya is the most important species within the caricaceae, being cultivated widely for consumption as a fresh fruit and for use in drinks, jams candies and as dried and crystallised fruit villegas 1997. Ovary is superior, placentation is free central and the ovules are atropous. The flowers emerge from the leaf axils and have 5 white, fleshy, waxy lobes. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively.
Male flowers do not produce fruit, and fruit developed from. Scientific name carica papaya pronunciation kairrickuh puhpyeyuh 6 common names papaya and pawpaw english and spanish, malakor, loko, ma kuai. The development of staminate flowers resembles that of pistillate flowers. Medicinal uses of carica papaya j nat ayurvedic med. Ojo british journal of pharmacology and toxicology 25. Female and bisexual flowers are waxy, ivory white, and borne.
Carica papaya l journal of horticulture, forestry and biotechnology. Carica papaya is a usually unbranched, giantherblike tufted tree 210 m in height. Scientia horticulturae, 32 1987 221232 221 elsevier science publishers b. The plants database includes the following 4 species of carica. An open labeled randomized controlled trial was carried out on 228 patients with df and dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf. Department of agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 and 11, papayas need both male and female flowers to produce their bounty. Papaya is a fast growing, rarely branching, semiwoody tropical fruit tree. Trees may be male, female or carry both male and female flowers on a single tree. In papaya plants, the sex types are hermaphrodite, male, and female. Resident, 3associate professor, 4professor and head, department of medicine, s. Media in category carica papaya fruit the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. It has been documented in literature for its use by natives of various parts of world and also for its antiinflammatory.
Carica papaya papaya buds carica is a genus of flowering plants in the family caricaceae including c. Papaya growing in the florida home landscape 2 trunk. The huge leaves lend a texture that is unmatched by even the most tropical plants. Papaya is a polygamous plant three basic types of flowers viz. There is no way of telling the sex until flowering. Oct, 2016 yep, they can be one or the other male or female that is or both. Papay as are sometimes said to be trioecious meaning that separate plants bear either male, female, or bisexual flowers fig. Carica papaya, the papaya, pawpaw or fruta bomba, is a fruit tree that comes from subhumid tropical regions of south america and central america, especially mexico, where, in the open ground it often reaches up to 8 meters high and 4 meters wide. A 450 bp marker fragment, named psdm papaya sex determination marker, exists in all male and hermaphrodite plants but not in the female plants so far analyzed. Trunk is soft and greyish, marked with large petiolescars where the leaves are born 28 figure.
They contain stamens bearing pollen that can polthe three types of papaya flower. Due to the fact that it produces pollen only, it may be considered a functional male flower fig. Plant biotechnology department, dalat institute of biology, 116 xo viet nghe tinh, dalat. Does carica papaya leafextract increase the platelet. It may be grouped into 3 sex types according to the flowers they produce.
Carica papaya fruit flowers papaya plants are dioecious or hermaphroditic, producing only male, female or bisexual hermaphroditic flowers. N2 1dept of plant science and biotechnology, abia state university, uturunigeria. The male trees are uncommon, but sometimes occur when homeowners collect their own seeds. Antepetalous stamens are joined to petals by hairy filaments. The biology and ecology of papaya paw paw, carica papaya. A male and hermaphrodite specific rapd marker for papaya.
Its origin is in the tropics of the americas, perhaps from central america and southern mexico. The stamens function is to produce male reproductive. Male, female and hermaphrodite flower development start to differentiate after anthers develop in male and hermaphrodite flowers 9, 10. Female flowers are held close against the stem as single flowers or in clusters of 23 chayprove et al. Pdf traditional and medicinal uses of carica papaya. The fruit is consumed worldwide as fresh fruit and as a vegetable or used as. Female flowers are held close against the stem as single flowers or in cluster of 23 flowers. Ensuring success in the home papaya planting home gardeners should take steps to avoid having only. The plants typically grow 1020ft tall, but may bear when only a few feet high.